Growth of Heritage and Cultural Industry in the UK

Development of Heritage and Cultural Industry in the UK Social legacy alludes to the legacy locales that depict the novel culture of a general public just as now and again it likewise alludes to the way of life of the entire country. The UK is rich with its legacy locales. Indeed, the greater part of the legacy destinations are man-made however there are some legacy locales that are characteristic, for example, untamed life, regular scene, forest, national stops, etc. All things considered, in the UK the greater part of the alluring man-made legacy locales are_ British gallery, Royal Academy of Arts, and in the UK there are heaps of legacy authentic structures, landmarks, a model that make the legacy destinations of UK rich. Various kinds of individuals stay with these spot such as_ understudies, analysts, voyagers with family, etc. Every one of them have their own motivation to come here. Indeed, social and legacy destinations in the UK assume noteworthy job in the monetary development of UK. As the sightseers number is expanding step by step the profit from this area additionally increment step by step. What's more, that additionally expands the general GDP of UK just as increment the way of life. The social and legacy locales are safeguarded by the administration to know individuals about their sublime history just as culture. Also, the individuals possibly drop by here when there will require it or they feel that they will get some profit by the site on the off chance that they visit. What's more, if the individuals won't go to the reason won't be satisfied. Thus, the capable authority should give the correct advantage to the traveler so they will stay with the spot and leave the spot with colossal fulfillment. P1.1 Analyze the development and legacy of the legacy and social industry with extraordinary reference to the UK Legacy: Legacy is the custom and inheritance that is originated from the past to the present. All things considered, legacy destinations allude to that sort of spot where the history was made. The inheritance comes and the individuals despite everything recall it as a piece of the custom. The legislature of a nation saves those legacy destinations to let their residents just as rest of the world know their history and pride. Attractions: The UK is extremely rich with its legacy destinations. All things considered, the majority of the legacy destinations are man-made yet there are some legacy locales that are characteristic, for example, untamed life, common scene, forest, national stops, etc (Andrã ©s, 2013). Indeed, in the UK a large portion of the alluring man-made legacy locales are_ British exhibition hall, Royal Academy of Arts, and in the UK there are bunches of legacy recorded structures, landmarks, a figure that make the legacy destinations of UK rich. Social legacy: Culture is the ethical conviction, way of life, custom of a particular society. The heritage comes and the individuals despite everything recollect it as a piece of the convention (Apostolakis and Jaffry, 2007). The legislature of a nation saves those legacy locales to let their residents just as rest of the world know their history and pride. Legacy is the convention and inheritance that is originated from the past to the present. Social legacy alludes to the legacy locales that portray the interesting society of a general public just as at times it likewise alludes to the way of life of the entire country. The development of legacy and social industry in the UK: The enthusiasm of individuals toward the social and legacy locales is expanding step by step in view of the novel component of those destinations. In past days the legacy destinations were very little famous, just the individuals came to visits those locales, who really required the data from those locales. Be that as it may, because of the development innovation and expanding attention to individuals legacy locales is become is most appealing traveler place (Agapiou, Lysandrou, and Hadjimitsis, 2016). Various types of individuals from various nations are stayed with this locales. The expanded number of visitor carries cash with them and their cash straightforwardly adds to the national GDP of UK. Various sorts of individuals stay with these spot such as_ understudies, scientists, vacationers with family, etc. Every one of them have their own motivation to come here. All things considered, social and legacy locales in the UK assume noteworthy job in the monetary development of UK. The legacy and social destinations acquiring are 5.17 Billion notwithstanding the residential vacationers and including household travelers, the obtaining are 16.05 billion. Moreover, it similarly shows up through the social and heritage site 252704 people are getting to Employment including the trademark inheritance. IN UK the appearance for the legacy and social site 194.83 million of people. As the sightseers number is expanding step by step the income from this segment likewise increment step by step. What's more, that additionally expands the general GDP of UK just as increment the way of life. P1.2 Discuss expected clashes in the preservation of legacy and social assets alluding to the contextual analyses. For this undertaking, a contextual analysis is given, and the contextual analysis portrays the city of Lhasa, Well as Lhasa is as of now created with the social and legacy destinations. The Chinese government as of late considers the advancement in this city. The administration needs to fabricate amusement stops in Lhasa just as he additionally needs to manufacture an inn for the visitor who will stay with the city. In light of the improvement various clashes emerge and this is depicted in this following report. Likely Conflicts of interests Reason of Conflicts of interests, in light of the contextual analysis of Lhasa, Tibet The contextual investigation portrays that the Chinese government as of late consider the improvement in this city. The administration needs to manufacture amusement stops in Lhasa just as he additionally needs to assemble an inn for the vacationer who will stay with the city (Wang, 2015). The standards of improvement are exceptionally huge. Well as Lhasa is as of now created with the social and legacy destinations. The inn will contain 1000 rooms and it will be exceptionally sumptuous. Indeed, the facts confirm that if the advancement happens different voyagers will stay with the city. The movement that is taken by the Chinese government is incredible. Regardless, there is some issue with every movement. The potential conflict develops among the unmistakable accomplice who is incorporated with the headway (Bowitz and Ibenholt, 2009). In spite of the way that the action will pass on more explorers to the country, the improvement will cost such an assortment of things. The headway can hurt the indigenous territory of this range and also the owners of the other private inheritance regions envision that if the event congregations will make they may lose their vacationer. The close by people envision that if the headway is getting so much high that may suffer them with bundle more things, for instance, growing the amassing, there is a chance of botch, and moreover, there is furthermore a gone for hurt the passing on breaking point of these goals. All things considered, whatever the thing is, every improvement has points of interest and disservices. From time to time the improvement brings ecstasy for someone and afterward once more, a similar progression brings wretchedness for the other one. Consequently, the maker needs to test the consequences of the improvement before starting the progression (Vallega, 2003). As the time builds up all of everyone is remembered for the travel industry business. By and by a days everybody of the families has a bit of the void once every year and all of everyone will go in reliably. For this sort of assessment, there are one thing is sure that is we overall affecting the travel industry business. Right when the lions portion of people picked in one country then the economy of this country increase and the country will be monetarily dissolvable. So the Chinese need to test the consequences of the headway and from that point onward, the organization should step up with respect to the certifiab le improvement. P2.1 Assess the motivation behind legacy and social attractions in addressing the requirements of the various clients The social and legacy locales are protected by the legislature to know individuals about their superb history just as culture. Also, the individuals possibly drop by here when there will require it or they feel that they will get some profit by the site on the off chance that they visit. What's more, if the individuals won't go to the reason won't be satisfied. Hence, the dependable authority should give the correct advantage to the traveler so they will stay with the spot and leave the spot with immense fulfillment. Legacy and social attractions of British exhibition hall: The British exhibition hall is the national historical center of UK and it is committed to the historical backdrop of the nation, the way of life of the nation, the mankind's history, and inheritance of the nation. It additionally contains the social and craftsmanship and jam it for the people to come (Uã„å ¸uryol and Kulakoã„å ¸lu, 2013). It was worked in 1753 yet it was opened freely in 1759. It contains and safeguards just about 8 million of works in various models. English exhibition hall likewise safeguards the examination of researcher and their books that is the reason this goal is such a great amount of alluring for the specialists. In here there are a few kinds of vacationer drop by, some of them are understudies, some of them are researchers, some of them are specialists, and some of them are the ordinary citizens chatting with their family. All things considered, they all have their motivations to visit. Understudies are come here to visit as they can gain such a g reat amount from here, the specialists come here to get the data that is important for their analyst, researchers come here to visit and experience the past works, and everyday citizens are really come here to visit such recorded locales with their family and they likewise intrigued by the historical backdrop of this site. Indeed, as an alternate visitor has various interests, the administration ought to guarantee that the entirety of the various interests can satisfy by the chronicled sight.

Episodic Dystonia and Hallucinations Due to DLAT Genes

Wordy Dystonia and Hallucinations Due to DLAT Genes Title: Carbamazepine responsive Episodic Dystonia and Hallucination due to Pyruvate Dehydrogenase E2 (DLAT) quality transformation Fatema J Serajee1, Salman Rashid2, and AHM M Huq1 Dynamic: Foundation: PDH E2 inadequacy due to DLAT transformations is an extremely uncommon condition with just 4 detailed cases to date. Strategies: We depict a 15-year-old young lady with gentle scholarly handicap, paroxysmal dystonia and reciprocal basal ganglia signal variations from the norm on cerebrum MRI. Extra neurophysiological, imaging, metabolic and exome sequencing contemplates were performed. RESULTS: Routine metabolite testing, and GLUT1 and PRRT2 transformation investigation were negative. A recurrent mind MRI uncovered Eye-of-the-tiger-sign. Exome sequencing distinguished homozygous valine to glycine adjustment at amino corrosive position 157 in the DLAT quality. Bioinformatic and family examinations demonstrated that the change was likely pathogenic. Patients s dystonia was receptive to low portion carbamazepine. On weaning carbamazepine, tolerant created mental trips which settled after carbamazepine was restarted. Ends: PDH E2 inadequacy due to DLAT change has an increasingly benevolent course contrasted with regular types of PDH E1 insufficiency because of X-connected PDHA1 transformations. Every single known instance of PDH E2 lack due to DLAT changes share the highlights of roundabout dystonia and scholarly inability. Our patients dystonia and visualizations reacted well to low portion carbamazepine. Presentation: Pyruvate Dehydrogenase (PDH) E2 inadequacy is an uncommon pediatric neurometabolic sickness because of change in DLAT quality (Head et al., 2005; McWilliam et al., 2010). Just 4 cases with DLAT quality transformations have recently been accounted for (Head et al., 2005; McWilliam et al., 2010). All offer the highlights of dystonia and some level of formative postponement and trademark globus pallidus signal variations from the norm on cerebrum MRI. This sickness will in general have increasingly favorable course when contrasted with PDH E1 inadequacy (Head et al., 2005; Huq et al., 1991; McWilliam et al., 2010; Patel et al., 2012). We report an extra case with DLAT change with new phenotype and treatment data. Case Report A 15-year-old young lady gave paroxysmal scenes of left lower limit shortcoming and solidifying throughout the previous 8 years. These scenes were activated by practice yet no intensifying or assuaging factors were noted. There was no related air, adjustment of awareness, incontinence or other related neurological side effects. Her folks were second cousins, yet family ancestry was negative for known hereditary issue. Birth and past clinical narratives were likewise unremarkable. Understanding had a discourse delay yet met her other youth achievements properly. Afterward, she created scholastic challenges and at 15 years old she was performing at a fourth grade level. At introduction, the patient had an ordinary assessment with the exception of some intellectual and understanding troubles. At the hour of beginning introduction to a pediatric nervous system specialist at 7 years old, a MRI of the mind uncovered respective T2 hyperintensities in the basal ganglia. Likewise, she was fou nd to have diminished NAA top and the proposal of a lactate top on MR spectroscopy. EEG, EMG and nerve conductions considers were unremarkable. Throughout the years the patient was considered to have paroxysmal kinesiogenic dyskinesia and was treated with carbamazepine (100 mg day by day). The patient was at first assessed by us at age of 14 years. Metabolic work up for serum lactate, serum amino acids, acyl carnitine profile, serum copper and ceruluplasmin and GLUT1 or PRRT2 change investigation were unremarkable. Rehash MRI uncovered basal ganglia signal changes including Eye of the tiger sign (Figure 1). MR spectroscopy contemplates were imperfect. Exome sequencing was performed through Ambry research center as recently portrayed (Serajee and Huq, 2015). The patient had homozygous c.470T>G (p.V157G) change in the DLAT (Dihydrolipoamide acetyltransferase (PDHC E2) quality recommending the conclusion of pyruvate dehydrogenase E2 lack, an uncommon reason for pyruvate dehydrogenase insufficiency. The two guardians and one sibling were heterozygous bearers and another sibling was homozygous typical. The p.V157G modification (c.470T>G), is in coding exon 3 of the DLAT quality, results from a T to G replacement at nucleotide position 470. The valine at codon 157 is supplanted by glycine, an amino corrosive with disparate properties. The V157 amino corrosive position is exceptionally saved in all accessible vertebrate species. The p.V157G adjustment is anticipated to be likely harming by Polyphen and malicious by SIFT in silico examinations. The V157 amino corrosive is situated inside the biotin/lipoyl connection area of the DHAT protein. The DLAT c.470T>G change was not seen in solid accomplice databases, for example, NHLBI Exome Sequencing Project (ESP) or the 1000 Genomes Project or the Database of Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms (dbSNP). In view of information from the HGMD, just the four modifications detailed by Head et al. (2005) and McWilliam et al. (2010) have been seen inside the DLAT quality to date (Head et al., 2005;McWilliam et al., 2010). These incorporate one missense change, two join adjustments, and one little in-outline erasure. In light of the above proof, the homozygous c.470T>G (p.V157G) adjustment was viewed as pathogenic. Her folks rejected treatment with the ketogenic diet. When carbamazepine was weaned off because of parental worries of reactions, inside barely any weeks, tolerant created mental trips. Guardians announced goals of indications after carbamazepine was restarted. Conversation: The Pyruvate Dehydrogenase Complex capacities in the oxidative decarboxylation of pyruvate to acetyl coenzyme A. The complex contains three subunits: E1, E2 and E3 (Patel and Roche, 1990). The most widely recognized type of pyruvate dehydrogenase inadequacy is because of transformations influencing the E1 subunit, and results in an assortment of clinical indications relying on the lingering capacity of the protein (Huq et al., 1991;Patel et al., 2012). E1 subunit is encoded by PDHA1 quality of X chromosome. Most patients present in early stages with lactic acidosis, ataxia and hypotonia, either constantly or verbosely (Huq et al., 1991;Patel et al., 2012). The transformation in our patient is in the E2 subunit (dihydrolipoamide acetyltransferase), which frames the auxiliary center of the chemical and capacities in tolerating the acetyl gatherings and moving them to coenzyme An, a fundamental advance going before the passageway of glucose into the TCA cycle (Head et al., 2005;Patel an d Roche, 1990). E2 subunit is encoded by DLAT quality situated on chromosome 11q23.1. Until this point in time, be that as it may, there are just four revealed instances of pyruvate dehydrogenase inadequacy brought about by modifications in the DLAT quality, making it an exceptionally uncommon reason for the condition (Head et al., 2005;McWilliam et al., 2010). What's more, Robinson et al detailed an extra patient with decreased E2 dihydrolipoyl transacetylase compound movement (32% of the control and imperceptible E2 immunoreactive protein (Robinson et al., 1990). For this patient, no quality transformation information is accessible (Robinson et al., 1990). The patient detailed by Robinson et al. had an alternate phenotype contrasted with our patient and four other hereditarily affirmed DLAT transformation cases and had significant impediment and microcephaly (Robinson et al., 1990). Head et al. (2005) first depicted two inconsequential people with PDH lack brought about by homozygous non-protein shortening transformations in the DLAT quality (Head et al., 2005). One patient exhibited a cancellation of glutamic corrosive in the external lipoyl space of the protein, while the second communicated a missense transformation in the synergist site, prompting a replacement of leucine for phenylalanine. The two patients were male youngsters conceived of first-cousin guardians. These patients gave a less extreme phenotype contrasted with people with the more typical kind of PDH brought about by adjustments in the PDHA1 quality encoding the E1 subunit, and their regular highlights included rambling dystonia, hypotonia, ataxia, and formative delay(Head et al., 2005). Scenes of dystonia were frequently activated by pressure or fever, and formative advancement seemed to slow after the scenes also. Extra detailed highlights included sad crying, nystagmus and unusual eye develo pments, ptosis, slobbering, jerky head developments, curving of the body, base rearranging, hardening of the appendages, roundabout holding of the hands, head slack and hypotonia. Cerebrum MRI discoveries in every patient remembered central sign variation from the norm for the basal ganglia with high T2 sign and low T1 signal in the globus pallidus which was perfect with an anomaly of vitality digestion (Head et al., 2005). The creators presumed that changes in the DLAT quality are an amazingly uncommon reason for PDH inadequacy and that patients with this kind of PDH might be bound to react to a ketogenic diet (Head et al., 2005). McWilliam et al. (2010) likewise depicted two sisters conceived of non-consanguineous guardians influenced with pyruvate dehydrogenase E2 insufficiency brought about by compound heterozygous graft changes in the DLAT quality (McWilliam et al., 2010). Clinical highlights resembled those portrayed in Head et al. (2005), including dynamic long winded dystoni a, intellectual disability, and globus pallidus hyperintensity on mind MRI. The two patients were treated with an adjusted ketogenic diet and the guardians revealed enhancements in focus, fine engine control, and diminished weakness (McWilliam et al., 2010). Past reports noticed the phenotypic cover to patients with PKAN, and proposed examination for PDH E2 insufficiency in patients suspected to have atypical PKAN with negative hereditary testing (Head et al., 2005;McWilliam et al., 2010). PKAN is one of a few ailments characterized under the umbrella of neurodegeneration with mind iron gathering (NBIA). It is brought about by a transformation in the pentothenate

12 Amazing Memoirs by Women

12 Amazing Memoirs by Women This post is sponsored by Where Am I Now? by Mara Wilson A former child actor best known for her starring roles in Matilda and Mrs. Doubtfire, Mara Wilson has always felt a little young and out of place: as the only kid on a film set full of adults, the first daughter in a house full of boys, and a grown-up the world still remembers as a little girl. Tackling everything from what she learned about sex on the set of Melrose Place, to discovering in adolescence that she was no longer “cute” enough for Hollywood, these essays chart her journey from accidental fame to relative (but happy) obscurity. When The Liars Club came out in 1995, it was a smash success, staying on the New York Times bestseller list for over a year, and kicking off the memoir craze that persists to this day. Before Mary Karrs book, successful memoirs mostly came from celebrities, people who were already famous  in the public eye. (This was also before the internet, when almost every detail about a celebrity was not just a Wikipedia page away.) But something about Karrs story of poverty and mental illness spoke to readers, and had publishers clamoring for more like it. In the decades since the publication of The Liars Club, the world has seen thousands of amazing memoirs by women, like The Glass Castle and Wild,  reach the best seller lists, as well as older memoirs being introduced to younger  audiences. There is no end to the amazing stories women have to tell. For starters, here are twelve really great ones. I Know Why the Caged Bird Sings by Maya Angelou The first in Angelous seven-volume autobiography, this memoir recounts her years from age three, when she and her brother are sent to live with their grandmother in Arkansas, to when she became a mother at the young age of sixteen. It is a beautiful, brutal piece of literature and a gorgeous testament to the power of nonfiction. Lakota Woman by Mary Crow Dog Mary Crow Dogs account of growing up amidst poverty and violence on Rosebud Indian Reservation in South Dakota, and fighting back against her circumstances by joining the tribal pride movement of the sixties and seventies and marrying a famous Native American activist. Even through all the horrors, she manages to  fill her story with hope and wry humor. Wave by Sonali Deraniyagala This is Deraniyagalas remarkably honest account of surviving and still surviving   after her parents, husband, and sons were swept away in a tsunami  at a beach resort on the coast of Sri Lanka in 2004. It is as devestating and heartbreaking as you would imagine, and also wonderful in the way she describes grief and how she refuses to see her losses as something she has to get over or that life is even still worth living. Dont Lets Go to the Dogs Tonight: An African Childhood by Alexandra Fuller Unflinching and amazing, Dont Lets Go to the Dogs Tonight is the true story  of Fullers childhood, which was spent growing up in Rhodesia during the civil war to a father  who fought on the side of the white government, while her mother tried to raise her children to love Africa and its inhabitants. Smart without being preachy, and sentimental without being mushy, this is a stellar book. Rat Girl: A Memoir by Kristin Hersh Hersh composed this memoir from her teenage journal, the year she started a band (Throwing Muses!), was diagnosed with bipolar disorder and found out she was pregnant. She writes beautifully, with a really unique voice, and her story is often sad, but she never allows you to feel that way, because shes so damn funny, and unselfconscious about it all. Possibly my favorite memoir of all time. West with the Night by Beryl Markham Born Beryl Clutterbuck in England, Markham led an extraordinary life, which accounts for why this memoir is so fascinating! From a childhood in Kenya to her life as an adventurer, a racehorse trainer, and an aviatrix she  became the first person to fly nonstop from Europe to America andthe first woman to fly solo east to west across the Atlantic this book is an inspiring  story of daring and passion. Redefining Realness: My Path to Womanhood, Identity, Love So Much More by Janet Mock Mock describes  her experiences of growing up young, multiracial, poor, and trans in America, and what it means to be yourself at any cost. Inspiring and informative, Mock provides insight into the challenges faced by people searching for their sense of self, and  pushes us to do better and be kinder to one another . Persepolis: The Story of a Childhood by Marjane Satrapi, Mattias Ripa (Translator) Satrapis story of growing up in Iran during the Islamic Revolution is not only an incredibly important memoir, but one of the first huge graphic memoirs to make it big. Satrapis tale is at times funny, scary, political, and hopeful, and shows us what amazing things can be conveyed  with words and pictures. First They Killed My Father: A Daughter of Cambodia Remembers by Loung Ung Ung was the five-year-old child of a high-ranking Cambodian official in 1975 when  Pol Pots Khmer Rouge army took the city, forcing her family to flee. Ung was separated from her siblings, and raised as a child soldier in a work camp, and was not reunited with her siblings until the Pol Pot and his army were defeated. This is a harrowing tale of loss and love in the face of brutality. Just Kids by Patti Smith Winner of the 2012 National Book Award for Nonfiction, Smiths beautiful memoir tells the story of two young kids in love her and artist Robert Mapplethorpe trying to get buy in NYC as they seek fame and happiness in the 1970s. Smiths memoir is written so precisely, its so perfectly put together, that its almost like you are there with her. She is a living legend. Men We Reaped by Jesmyn Ward Ward is the author of the amazing National Book Award winning novel Salvage the Bones, and she brings the same intensity and sorrow to her nonfiction. Men We Reaped is a heart-wrenching important look at Wards life in the small town of DeLisle, Mississippi, and the young African-American men she has known who have lost their lives to drugs, suicide, and gun violence. Its a chilling and important story of culture and race in America. The Sound of Gravel: A Memoir by Ruth Wariner Warnier grew up on a farm in rural Mexico, the thirty-ninth of her polygamist father’s forty-two children. Raised in poverty without electricity or indoor plumbing, Warnier and her siblings and mother lived  in fear of her fathers religion, which basicaly said they were nothing more than property. When her father was murdered by his brother, her mother remarried another member of the church, who shuffled the family from Mexico to the United States and back. This is Wariners account of her horrifying, unbelievable  childhood, and how she finally began to question her mothers choices and start thinking for herself. Also In This Story Stream View all best memoirs posts--> Sign up for True Story to receive nonfiction news, new releases, and must-read forthcoming titles. Thank you for signing up! Keep an eye on your inbox.

Carol Ann Duffys Anne Hathaway Poem Essay - 1515 Words

Before one may analyse a poem, I feel that one must analyse its foundation, its inspiration, its very reason for being - in order to truly understand and appreciate the poets work. So, it stands to reason, that I must first analyse the quote from Shakespeares will, before addressing the poem itself, as Carol Ann Duffy has drawn our attention to it. Whether you acknowledge it or not I gyve unto my wife my second best bed is a powerful sentence, it screams indistinguishable volumes. These were the last words of comfort to a widow, someone who had spent their life loving a man that was no longer there and Duffy understood that. So, instead of formulating a poem that discredited a marriage that sculpted a lifetime, she enhanced it and†¦show more content†¦Duffy finally conforms to sonnet normalcy in the final lines, by utilising full masculine rhymes. I hold him in the casket of my widows head as he held me upon that next best bed. The rhyme finalised both the poem and the relationship, by doing this Duffy enforces that despite the many irregularities in the relationship and the sonnet, there is the inevitable, death. Duffy also shows that despite his lack of existence, that it in no way lessens his wifes love and affection for her husband.The use of the widows casket also creates the imagery of that in Romeo and Juliet, arguably one of the greatest love stories ever told. I felt that the poets comparison of the second best bed and the casket further emphasised how eternal and true the love of that between Hathaway and Shakespeare. The utilisation of a list on line four adds pace and rhythm to the poem, it also is a list of settings from Shakespeares works, listing them whilst discussing or implying coitus suggests that it was their sexual endeavours which inspired Shakespeare to write such great works. They also imply that Anne Hathaway saw the world through Shakespeares eyes. The pearls mentioned in the poem may be pearls of wisdom shared by a lifetime of experience. However the sea may be a reference to sexual pleasure in which the couple dived through together in order to procreate, thus the pearls would be metaphors for their children, found through theShow MoreRelatedFeminism Critical Anthology1502 Words   |  7 PagesAleksandra Warpas 1423 ‘Duffy’s collection The World’s Wife is nothing but feminist propaganda’. Consider this view in the light of your readings of Delilah and Anne Hathaway. In The World’s Wife Carol Ann Duffy explores ‘the blinding effects of ideology’; the inequalities between men and women, and how women are portrayed in literature which stereotypically would be either the ‘dangerous seductress’, ‘cute but essentially helpless’, ‘unworldly’ or the ‘self-sacrificing angel’ as stated by BertensRead MoreAnalysis Of The Book Little Red Cap 1235 Words   |  5 PagesIntroduction In the World’s Wife Carol Ann Duffy gives a voice to the imagined wives - some fiction, others real - history long forgot or never gave a thought too. Duffy surgically dissects the quintessential homogeneous relationship of husband and wife. A recurring motif of marriage being exposed for all it’s foibles and weaknesses is expressed throughout the collection. It would be a misconception to suggest Duffy’s focus is the not hetrosexual relationship, though other forms are explored. TheseRead MoreExplore the Similarities and Differences in the Presentation of Female Characters in a Streetcar Named Desire and the World’s Wife1871 Words   |  8 Pagespresentation of female characters in A Streetcar Named Desire and The World’s wife In this essay, I will be exploring the similarities and differences of female characters in ‘A Streetcar Named Desire’ by Tennessee Williams; and ‘The World’s Wife’ by Carol Ann Duffy. Both texts denote women as somewhat weak and incompetent and as having a predatory attitude towards the mainly dominant male characters. A Streetcar Named Desire was written in 1945 and it initially connected with America’s new found tasteRead MoreMyths And Fairytales : The Bloody Chamber And `` The Worlds Wife ``2194 Words   |  9 Pagesempowering image of female capability. Duffy takes this even further, her whole set of poems is vested in female independence, by carving them out a role or voice in History that was previously supressed. The title itself the rearrangement of the phrase The world and his wife’ a phrase suggesting that women hold less statue than men, is rearranged to show a generational change in opinion. The collection of poems are told entirely from the previously unheard voices of Women, as such she rebels against

About the U.S. Department of State

The United States Department of State also referred to as â€Å"the State Department† or simply â€Å"State,† is the executive branch department of the United States federal government primarily responsible for administering U.S. foreign policy and consulting with the President of the United States and Congress on international diplomatic issues and policies. The mission statement of the State Department reads: â€Å"To advance freedom for the benefit of the American people and the international community by helping to build and sustain a more democratic, secure, and prosperous world composed of well-governed states that respond to the needs of their people, reduce widespread poverty, and act responsibly within the international system.† The primary functions of the State Department include: Provide protection and assistance for U.S. citizens traveling or living abroad;Assist U.S. businesses and industries operating in the global marketplace;Coordinate and provide support for international activities of other U.S. agencies, official visits overseas and at home, and other diplomatic efforts;Inform the public about U.S. foreign policy and relations with other countries and provide feedback from the public to administration officials. Similar the foreign ministries in other nations, the State Department conduct international diplomatic relations on the part of the United States by negotiating treaties and other agreements with foreign governments. The State Department also represents the United States in the United Nations. Created in 1789, the State Department was the first executive branch department established after final  ratification of the U.S. Constitution. Headquartered in the Harry S Truman Building in Washington, D.C., the State Department currently operates 294 U.S. embassies around the world and oversees compliance of more than 200 international treaties. As an agency of the president’s Cabinet, the State Department is led by the Secretary of State, as nominated by the president and confirmed by the U.S. Senate. The Secretary of State is second in the line of presidential succession after the Vice President of the United States. In addition to assisting with the international activities of other U.S. government agencies, the State Department provides many important services to U.S. citizens traveling and living abroad and to foreign citizens trying to visit or immigrate to the United States. In perhaps its most publicly noticeable role the State Department issues U.S. Passports to U.S. citizens allowing them to travel to and return from foreign countries and travel visas to U.S. citizens and non-citizen residents. In addition, the State Department’s Consular Information Program informs the American public of conditions abroad that may affect their safety and security while traveling abroad. Country-specific travel information and global Travel Alerts and Warnings are vital parts of the program. The State Department also oversees all U.S. foreign aid and development programs such as the U.S. Agency for International Development (USAID) and the President’s Emergency Plan for AIDS Relief. All activities of the State Department, including foreign assistance programs, representing the U.S. abroad, countering international crime and human trafficking, and all other services and programs are paid for through the foreign affairs component of the annual federal budget as requested by the president and approved by Congress. On average, the total State Department expenditure represents just over 1% of the total federal budget, projected to exceed  $4 trillion in 2017.  Ã‚   Brief History of the State Department On July 27, 1789, President George Washington singled a bill passed by the House of Representatives and Senate on July 21, 1789, creating the Department of Foreign Affairs as the first federal agency created under the new Constitution. A law enacted on September 15, 1789, changed the name of the agency to the Department of State and assigned it oversight of a variety of domestic, rather than foreign issues. For example, the law made the Department of State responsible for running the United States Mint and conducting the decennial U.S. census. During the 19th century, these and most of the Department of State’s other domestic duties were turned over to other federal agencies and departments. Appointed by President Washington on September 29, 1789, Thomas Jefferson of Virginia, then serving as Minister to France became the first Secretary of State. Appointed before Washington had taken office, John Jay had been serving in as Secretary of Foreign Affairs and continued to function as de-facto Secretary of State until Jefferson returned from France several months later.

Economic Value Added Free Essays

EVA is a way of measuring a firm’s profitability. EVA is NOPAT minus a charge for all capital invested in the business (Byrne 1). A more intuitive way to think of EVA is as the difference between a firms NOPAT and its total cost of capital (Kramer Pushner 40). We will write a custom essay sample on Economic Value Added or any similar topic only for you Order Now Stern Staurt’s numerical definition of EVA is calculated for any year by multiplying a firm’s economic book value of capital  © at the beginning of the year by the spread between its return on capital  ® and its cost of capital (K): EVA=(Rt-Kt)*Ct-1 (Kramer Pushner 41). EVA is a notion of residual income (Ehrbar Xi). Investors demand a rate of return proportional to the amount of risk incurred. Operating profits determine residual income by plotting them against the required rate of return, a product of both debt and equity. EVA takes into account all capital invested. Peter Druker says in his Harvard Business Review article, â€Å"EVA is based on something we have known for a long time: What we call profits, the money left to service equity, is not profit at all. Until a business returns a profit that is greater than its cost of capital, it operates at a loss. Never mind that it pays taxes if it had a genuine profit. The enterprise still returns less to the economy than it devours in resources†¦. Until then it does not create wealth but destroys it† (Ehrbar 2). EVA is a measure of wealth creation or destruction after all costs are capitalized. Companies use EVA as a measure of corporate performance, as an incentive system and as a link between shareholder and management/employee goals. Stock price indicates investor’s certainty concerning current and future earnings potential. EVA is a static measure of corporate performance; MVA is a dynamic, forward looking market performance measure. MVA is a market generated number calculated by subtracting the Capital invested in a firm  © from the sum (V) of the total market value of the firm’s equity and book value of debt: MVA=Vt-Ct† (Kramer Pushner 42). Al Ehrbar describes MVA as exactly equivalent to the stock market’s estimate of the NPV of a company. In 1998 CSX Corperation introduced EVA criteria to the fast growing but low margin CSX Intermodal business, where trains deliver freight to waiting trucks or cargo ships. Large amounts of capital are required to power a mammoth fleet of locomotive, containers and railcars. Figuring in capital costs, CSX Intermodal lost $70 million in 1988. â€Å"The CEO issued an ultimatum, et EVA up or be sold† (Fortune, 39). CSX Intermodal freight volume increased by 25%, yet they dramatically reduced their capital cost by reducing the number of container and trailers by 22%, reducing their locomotive fleet by 33%, and reducing fuel costs. EVA in 1992 was $10 million dollars, and was expected to triple the following year. Wall Street responded: CSX stock price rose from $28 before EVA to a 1993 price of $75. CSX concluded that investors care more about their net cash return on capital than accounting figures such as EPS, ROE and ROA. Companies that adopt EVA as a performance measure found tie-in compensation plans very useful in aligning management behavior and shareholder needs. Typical plans consist of two familiar parts, a bonus and stock incentives, applied in new ways (Fortune 50). Bonus targets are established by a percent increase in EVA and recalculated each year by averaging the prior year’s goal and the prior year’s result. Bonus have no limits, but the manager incurs operating risk because some of the bonus is put in a â€Å"bank,† say, for five years. If over the next five years management performs poorly, and EVA drops, the â€Å"bank† account is depleted. Management incurs the risks and benefits just as owners do. Joel Stern notes that in cases without an EVA incentive plan, employees suffer from a common problem. On average their fixed pay, salaries and pension, are too high, and their variable pay, profit sharing and share options, are to low (Ehbar XIX). Stern adds that size, not value, drives employees in typical incentive programs because size is positively correlated with increases in fixed pay and closely thereafter, variable pay, even if it destroys shareholder wealth. EVA protects shareholder interests by depositing variable pay into a deferred account that can be lost if value is eroded. EVA, as a corporate measure and a predictive tool, generates mixed reviews in the business and academic worlds. ATT’s Jim Meen says, â€Å"The correlation between MVA and EVA is very high. So when your driving your business toward EVA, your really driving the correlation with market value† (Kramer Pushner, 43). Stern Stewart finds an R squared value of 60% based on 20 groupings of firms (Kramer Pushner, 41). Contenders site statistical evidence to the contrary. BCG-Holt calculates an R square, after removing 21 outliers, of 27%. Dodd and Chen report that EVA accounts for only 20. 2% of the variation in stock returns for a sample of 500 companies, while ROA explains 24. 5% of market returns (Kramer Pushner, 43). In their paper â€Å"An Empirical Analysis of Economic Value Added as a Proxy for Market Value Added,† Kramer and Pushner test the hypothesis that EVA is highly correlated with MVA. Simple regression analysis is used to test this hypothesis and other market determinants of market value such as NOPAT. First Kramer and Pushner test the relationship between the level of MVA and the level of EVA using the SS1000. In all cases the level of MVA positively relates to both NOPAT and EVA in the same and prior periods. However, in all cases, NOPAT explains more of the total variation in MVA than EVA† (O’Byrne Stewart 44). This suggests that the level of NOPAT is not only a better proxy but also a better predictor of corporate performance than the level of EVA. Results for weighted least squares, change in MVA and variations are described graphically in appendix 1. Kramer and Pushner conclude that there is no clear evidence that EVA is the best measure of corporate success in adding value to shareholder investments (Kramer and Pushner, 47). Stephen F. O’Byrne and Stern Stewart and Co. tested a similar hypothesis. Their objective is to show that EVA provides a theoretical and practical measure of operating performance. O’Byrne and Stewart substantiate the explanatory power of EVA relative to earnings because, unlike previous studies, they recognize two important characteristics: Multiples of positive EVA are significantly higher than multiples of negative EVA, which implies that companies with negative EVAs have values that are higher than what would be expected if the market valued EVA at the same multiple. Multiples of capital tend to decline with company size, which suggest that the market assigns higher multiples to a given level of EVA for smaller companies. Stewart, 117). O’Byrne and Stewart suggest at first glance that earnings and EVA have about the same level of success in explaining market value. The variance explained ranges around 32%. Taking into account the two characteristics listed above, the explanatory power of their model increases to 42%. Five-year changes in EVA explain 55% of the variation in market value, and ten-year changes in EVA explain 74% of the variation in ten-year changes. The NOPAT model has 15%-20% less explanatory power. The results of O’Byrne and Stewart research appear in appendix 2. They conclude that because EVA is systematically linked to market value, it proves to be a better predictor of market value than other performance measures. Proponents of EVA also argue that GAAP standards distort true economic reality, produce unreliable corporate standards and serve as an unproductive compensation system. Harvard business school professor Baruch Lev states that; â€Å"Overall, the fragile association between accounting data and capital market’s values suggest that usefulness of financial reports is rather limited† (Ehrbar, 161). Some differences in GAAP and economic reality stem from a bias toward conservative estimates, compounded by SEC requirements driving conservative financial policies. The principal divergence is GAAP’s treatment of equity. The cost of equity should be capitalized. The cost of borrowed capital shows up in a companies interest expense. â€Å"But the cost of equity capital, which the shareholders have contributed, typically appears nowhere in any financial statement-and equity is extraordinarily expensive† (Fortune, 38). Ehrbar contends that GAAP distorts economic reality in areas such as RD, strategic management, expense recognition, depreciation, restructuring charges, taxes and balance sheet adjustments (64). RD under GAAP standards require Corporations to immediately expense RD in the period in which they occur, where as managers and investors see RD as an investment. GAAP’s treatment of RD reduces book value by writing down the asset to $0; EVA would capitalize RD and amortize it over a period of time. Lastly, GAAP incentives can be ineffective motivators. For example, a retiring officer’s pension plan is linked to earnings. During their last year they might skimp on RD to boost earnings because their pension plan is tied to performance. Operating earnings often serve as the benchmark for management compensation. Management has the incentive to negotiate a target that is easy to beat. Managers aim low, insuring their bonus. Trade loading is a second example of how GAAP can affect management decisions concerning bonuses and owner interests. EVA as a measure of financial performance is positively related MVA, but depending on the methodology, the result vary. Kramer and Pushner used simple univariate regressions to compare EVA with other measures explaining EVA. Their results were mixed, NOPAT’s explanatory power in Ordinary Least Squares Regressions outperformed EVA by 9%, however when weighted, EVA’s explanatory power was higher overall and surpassed NOPAT by 6%. Kramer and Pushner note that the market focuses on profits rather than EVA. Investors rely on earnings estimates that are consistently calculated within the industry. This is not the case for FCF or EVA. Lastly, Kramer and Pushner observe, â€Å"investors certainly need to be aware of capital structure, they should already by familiar with the opportunity cost of their investment and may not need to incorporate this into the measure of performance† (Kramer and Pushner 47). Investors may be familiar with the opportunity cost of their investments, although EVA analysis can illuminate problems, such as those created by GAAP accounting, that may not be recognized otherwise. Stephen O’Byrne and Stern Stewarts calculation required the recognition of two important characteristics that drastically changed the explanatory power of EVA. They note that simple a simple regression model, similar to the one used by Kramer and Pushner, depresses the predictive power of EVA and inflates the predictive power of earnings (Stewart 120). EVA with industry coefficients explains and impressive â€Å"56% of the variation in actual market/capital ratios† (Stewart 121). It also produces notable results for changes in EVA and market value over time. Far better results than NOPAT. My results using a simple linear regression model parallels Kramer and Pushner’s results. EVA in 1997 has the highest R square factor, at 33%, but is far from the results calculated by Stewart. EVA’s R squared increased dramatically since 1992. This is consistent with the economic trend of the 90’s, so the increase may not necessarily reflect an increase in EVA due to internal factors, but an external factor, such as the greatest economic expansion in recorded history. All four factors consistently increase from 1992 to 1997. EVA could be a valuable tool if it is tailored to the company and industry. This requires an understanding and adjustment for different EVA multiples for positive and negative EVA and different capital multiples for different size companies. This requires complex calculations, a regularly cited problem. However, in this context EVA lives up to its reputation as a great measure of corporate performance. Other functions, such as aligning employee and shareholder goals, the basis for an incentive system and a more realistic picture of economic reality, makes EVA more attractive. I would recommend using Stern Stewart model to calculate EVA. How to cite Economic Value Added, Essay examples

Human impact on biodiversity and ecosystem loss free essay sample

Abstract Biodiversity and ecosystem are crucial issues that have an impact to the human well-being now and in the future. Biodiversity depends on many factors but the most influentive is the habitat loss which influences the biodiversity worldwide. Humans converts native areas into agriculture and industrial areas without realising how much impact it has now and will have in the future. Habitat loss is connected with fragmentation which influence the increasing amount of extinction. The specific climate is essential to be maintained for some species. If it is changed some species may not be able adjust to new conditioins such as extreme weather conditions like drought or flooding and long term changes in water and air temperature. It causing species to die out. It is a huge threat for the ecosystem because every specie is dependet on another one. Another global threat are alien species that become invasive and suppress the native habitants. In addition, species dependent on the suppressed ones will have to adobt or they will become extint. Out of the 44, 838 species living on the earth, 905 are already extinct and 16, 928 are listed to be endangered and possibly become extinct. Aaet-asean. Retrieved from: http://www. aaet-asean. org/upload/Ear%20Choung%20Chhay-%20Essay. pdf Considering that many species are not officially assessed on the list, there are probably many more species that does not exist any more. Most of the extinct species died out due to the human activity. The most serious causes of extinction are habitat loss, alien invasive species and the global climate change. In this essay, I will discuss the human factors that are causing the extenction of the species. Habitat loss and fragmentation are the largest cause of biodiversity and ecosystem loss. Eco-question. (2010) Retrieved from http://www. eco-question. com/what-are-the-main-causes-of-biodiversity-loss. Humans change wild areas into industrial regions including power stations, cities, dams and irrigation and into areas used for forestry, urban development and agriculture. They convert the area inhabited by the native species into the area used just for human profit. These changes the specific ecosystem including climate, type of plants, food sources and temperature conditions. Some species are able to adjust to different conditions but more specialized ones may not be able to adapt and can become extinct as a result of human activity. Commercial forestry causes cutting forests which are shelter for some species and it also causes the spread of the particular tree species. People grow the trees with high quality wood and high speed of growth and the diversity is not maintained. Learner. Retrieved from: http://www. learner. org/courses/envsci/unit/text. php? unit=9secNum=7. Dams flood huge areas above them and cause to reduce the amount of a paticular specie. It also changes the river pattern and it increase the river temperature causing more carbon dioxide absorbed. Also the fish may not be able to swimm upstream due to the change in the temperature. Farmers grow particular crops that require special nutriens which are taken out of the soil and causing the soil exhaustion. Fertilizers and pesticides are used and it changes the native composition of the ground and causing the difficult survival conditions for some species. Also ranching has an impact on the habitat loss such as overgrazing and reducing space where the native species can grow and live. The urban areas are covered with pavements and concrete that increases the surface run-off and it therefore reduce the amount of water absorbed redulting in smaller amount of groundwater stored. Water is also polluted with junk from the streets and greenhouse gases from the traffic transporters and industrial areas. The Millennium Ecosystem Assessment has proved that one-quarter of Earths terrestrial area has been converted into cultivated land. Land is becoming less suitable for the native population and this leads to the extenction of the species. Habitant fragmentation is a process caused be road-building and spreading large sectors of land into fragments. Species are becoming isolated, and it is therefore harder to survive. It reduces biodiversity by slitting species into small groups which are more vulnerable because isolated individuals are less able to defent demselves or find a partner and reproduse. In the small fragments may not be enough space for all the species and crowding or competetions can occur. Reduce of access to water resources can take a place and more contact between humans and animals can happen. If the animals are causing troubles to humans they are removed. Fragmentation also causes building up ecosystems that are more vulnerable to invasive species. For example when a pavement is built next to the meadow, the edges are less suitable for species that live in shalter areas. Only few species can survive in such conditions and invasive species have therefore more space where they can spread. Moreover, the amount of extinction can increase because the small fragments are suitable for less species. Many animals need different areas to survive. For example when a specie need an access to water, meadow for grazing and a forest as a shelter and is placed on a land fragment where one of these is not, he will not be able to survive. Learner. Retrieved from: http://www. learner. org/courses/envsci/unit/text. php? unit=9secNum=7. The global climate change is the first factor caused by people that affects biodiversity loss. The biodiversity loss in oceans in the highest lost today and much higher than it was before. It is due to the changing conditions in the ocean such as higher water temperature, rise of sea levels and increasing level of the greenhouse gases. Many species are not able to adapt to changes of water temperature and therefore it causes the extention of these species. Also the increasing amount of greenhouse gases released into the atmosphere by transport facilities and industrial areas has an impact to the biodiversity. These gases store the heat from the earth and then cause this heat to warm the whole planet including the ocean. The glaciers and ice are melted and the water level in the ocean increase. The species that need the very specific climate conditions in areas that are flooded by the water from the ocean are forced to move into different areas with unlike climate conditions. Some species are able to adapt but some of them are not and there will be the risk of extention. The extention of these species will greatly affect other marine life as well. The ecosystem is interdependet and therefore the speacies thet depend on the extinct ones will struggle. They will have to adapt but if they are not able to adapt, they will die out. The increase of water temperature in the oceans also causes the increase of amount of carbon dioxide absorbed. The marine biodiversity will suffer by this because it is causing the increase of acidity in the water. Irrawaddy dolphin living in coastal areas is for example dependent on the flow fresh of water. Any change in temperature or acidity affect its chances to long-term survival. Apart of the ocean, the global warming has an impact on terrestrial biodiversity as well. Some species require the specific area as well as very specific area and they are endangered by any change (e. g. bicknell’s thrush which is a type of bird). The change in temperature threatens the birds breeding habitants. News. discovery. com. (2009). Retrieved from: http://news. discovery. com/animals/list-of-animals-threatened-by-climate-change. htm Another factor are alien species, both plant and animal. The plant invasion results in reduced light, nutrient, moisture and space available to native species. It the invasivee specie has the right conditions in the invaded area, it survive, spread and reproduce. If it is more resistant, it take the place where was originally a native species and suppress it. Invasive plant species have the common characteristics which make difficult to control its spread. It includes higher rates of reproduction, in fact one plant can produce up to three million seeds. Because it is an invasive plant, it does not have many natural predators and it therefore distructs the balance in the native ecosystem. Also these species are able to survive in the most of climate and enviromental conditions, which results in even higher spread. Once the alien species is spread, it is almost impossible to get rid of it. This is a huge issue in Canada, where the Purple loosestrife is spread. It is an European invader which was brought to Canada in1800s and it invaded wetlands. It is very resistant and it can suppress native plants. The animals such as fish and birds which are dependent on the suppressed plants will loose its source of nutrition and it can result in further extincion. This plant is very reproductive, if fact, a signle plant can produse over 300, 000 seeds. It is also very adaptible and it can grow in irrigation canals, ditches and standing water. In some locations it has already started to invade dry habitants such as cropland and pastures. Invading species, Retrieved from: http://www. invadingspecies. com/invaders/plants-terrestrial/purple-loosestrife/ Also the animal invadors are huge threat to biodiversity and ecosystem loss. It has the same convenients as the plant species. It does not have any native predators and it is easily adaptable to survive in different conditions. The alien invasive species often become predators and represent a threat to the native animals. For example, one of the worst invasive animal is the European common rabbit. It is native to live in north Africa and southern Europe but the rabbit has a tendency to overproduce. This has lead to the spread of the rabbits to every continent except Asia and Antarctica. Probably the most famous and serious expansion occured in Australia in 1859. An English farmer brought only 24 rabbits because he did not expect that this small number could result in any big ecosystem change. Howevere, in ten years, the rabbits suppressed the local rabbits and spread abnormally. Two million of the rabbits could be shot annually without any imporant impact on the rabbit population. After hundred years, the rabbit caused serious problems such as dround erosion caused by overgrazing and surroving. It has also caused the most serious loss of Australia biodiversity in history. News discovery. (2009). Retrieved from: http://news. discovery. com/animals/list-of-animals-threatened-by-climate-change. htm However, humans also contribute to maintaining the biodiversity. We are finding alternatives in land-using and we are trying to change the habitat destruction. For example humans are trying not to grow just one specie but to grow the native and diverse plants. Humans also try to reduce the amount of over-spread species and maintaining the original species in the ecosystem. Careful planning of land-use and consideration in affecting of biodiversity also helps to maintain the biodiversity. Natural parks and zoos grow and reproduce huge range of endangered animals and releasing into the wild helps to renew and maintain the original composition. Natural parks, zoos and reservatioins can be the only places with maintained biodiversity and humans are therefore trying to utilise the forests used for growing wood as a new home for endangered species. If woods are cut gradually, there is always a place where animals and plants can grow and reproduce. Many ecological ways to prevent the amount of global warming are also developing. In the future, there will be ways how to travel and live without increasing the levels of carbon dioxide and therefore without causing global climate change. Considering the major causes of biodiversity loss, I came to the conclusion that humans have a very significant impact on loss of biodiversity. We should try reduce the habitat loss through carefull planning and considering the use of land and try to prevent any significant fragmentation. Through reducing increase of carbon dioxide released to the atmosphere we can reduce the global climate change and therefore the amount of exctinction. Finally, we have to beware of any invasive alien species through removing any, even very small number of non-native species. However, humans are not only causing the biodiversity loss but we are also contributing to maintain of endagered species through founding of natural parks, zoos and reservations and trying to avoid any significant losses in biodiversity by poor planning.

Nigeria Political and Sociological Cleavages free essay sample

Applies an analysis of overlapping cleavages in the Nigerian political culture toward supporting a new political movement humorously entitled the Crusaders Party. This paper responds to the prompt, Design a proposal, for a person of substantial wealth, desiring to create a new political party / movement that would enjoy some initial success and have the possibility for long-term growth. Where would the new party fit in the existing array of parties and movements? How does the electoral system and institutional form of government (presidential, parliamentary, etc.) affect the start-up strategy? What should its ideological-programmatic emphasis be? Is there a particular regional base or demographic niche that would favor the party? What other parties might be good options to form a coalition In this way, the paper should be easily adapted for any analysis of Nigeria. Resentment of Northern radicalism will strengthen the Crusaders. Already, the Northern Peoples Democratic Party has successfully pushed for the implementation of sharia in nineteen Northern states. We will write a custom essay sample on Nigeria: Political and Sociological Cleavages or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page If successful, the Crusaders will improve Nigerias party system. Presently, Nigeria has three major parties, one for each ethnic group, a result that is atypical of presidential systems, which are typically characterized by two-party systems.

Embalming Essay Essays - Undertaking, Death Customs, Embalming

Embalming Essay Essays - Undertaking, Death Customs, Embalming Embalming Essay Embalming Embalming is a mortuary custom, the art of preserving bodies after death, generally by the use of chemical substances. It is believed to have originated among the Egyptians, probably before 4000 BC, and was used by them for more than 30 centuries. Much evidence demonstrates that embalming is religious in origin, conceived as a means of preparing the dead for the life after death. From the Egyptians, the practice of embalming spread to other ancient peoples, including the Assyrians, Jews, Persians, and Scythians. Ancient embalming methods consisted of removal of the brains and viscera, and the filling of bodily cavities with a mixture of balsamic herbs and other substances. The Egyptians immersed the body in carbonate of soda, injected the arteries and veins with balsams, filled the cavities of the torso with bituminous and aromatic substances and salt, and wound cloths saturated with similar materials around the body. The Assyrians used honey in embalming, the Persians used wax, and the Jews used spices and aloes. Alexander the Great was embalmed with honey and wax. The Egyptians were particularly adept at embalming; the soles of the feet of mummies, when unwrapped after as much as 3000 years, are often still soft and elastic. Historians estimate that by AD 700, when the practice had died out among them, the Egyptians had embalmed approximately 730 million bodies. Although many were destroyed or disintegrated in the tropical heat of northern Africa, a large number of mummies were preserved; archaeologists estimate that several million are still preserved in undiscovered tombs and burial places. From the ancient peoples of Africa and Asia, embalming spread to Europe, where, in time, it became a widespread practice. Descriptions of methods used in Europe for almost 1200 years, from about AD 500, have been preserved in the writings of contemporary physicians. Embalming during the Middle Ages included evisceration, immersion of the body in alcohol, insertion of preservative herbs into incisions previously made in the fleshy parts of the body, and wrapping the body in tarred or waxed sheets. The Danish king of England, Canute II, was embalmed by the above, or similar methods, as were the English monarchs William the Conqueror and Edward I. William's body was found well preserved in the French city of Caen in the 16th century; Edward's was also found to be well preserved when it was disinterred in Westminster Abbey in 1700; and Canute's body was still in a state of good preservation when it was discovered in Winchester Cathedral in 1776. The first man to embalm by injecting a prepared preservative chemical solution into the blood vessels is believed to be the Dutch anatomist Fredrik Ruysch, but his technique is unknown. During the 19th century, French and Italian scientists perfected such techniques, thereby enabling them to reach every part of the cadaver. Modern embalming is believed to have begun in the U.S. during the American Civil War. The essential purposes of modern embalming are preservation of the body to permit burial without unseemly haste and prevention of the spread of infection both before and after burial. Cosmetic work is used to restore injured facial features or for aesthetic reasons. Embalming methods now consist essentially of the removal of all blood and gases from the body and the insertion of a disinfecting fluid; the viscera are removed and immersed in an embalming fluid and are then replaced in the body, in which they are surrounded with a preservative powder. Most corpses in the United States and Canada are embalmed, and the practice is widespread in other countries.

Journal Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 68

Journal - Essay Example Initially, the writer gives an overview of the case and accusations, as well as charges faced by Ziegler, a supervisor in Montgomery. Then, the author of this article breaks down the accusations one by one explaining how they happened and how Ziegler participated in approving to pay bills to cover for the purchases he made in his favor. This helps in understanding the story better because, without the explanations, it would be hard to comprehend how those absurd charges came to be. Another part of the story that captured my attention is the employee’s comment when asked why he gave Ziegler a tank of propane. Heydt made it clear that he had to do it because his boss said so. The author uses this to highlight how bosses misuse their position to gain loyalty from employees. Employees become loyal because of fear of losing their jobs. Though this story would not pass for a national headline in the front pages, the presentation is interesting, and it succeeds in reaching the target

Extra assignment Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Extra assignment - Essay Example The article talks about the evil practice of evading taxes and the topic has been narrowed down by the author and primarily focuses upon the citizens of Switzerland. There are about 52000 American depositors who have intentionally hidden some information regarding tax evasion with the help of their Swiss Bank accounts, the Swiss authorities are known for their secrecy and this is a double edged weapon and it is certainly proving out to be that way. The US government is putting extreme pressure on the Swiss government to provide them with information of the American citizens who have Swiss bank accounts. The US government has even launched a civil suit in Miami to get access to this pivotal information. The US government firmly believes that the American citizens have hidden their potential worth of about $ 14.8 billion in various Swiss bank accounts and recently a Swiss bank by the name UBS provided information important information to the US authorities of as many as 250 US citizens who have their bank accounts with the bank. The Swiss government is trying really hard to implement a tax system which will complement their secrecy but this has not been implemented yet. The French president has also got involved in this and he recently said that Switzerland would be put in a black list of the G-20 members for being a tax- haven nation. The Swiss president has assured the US authorities that they have set up a panel to deal effectively with this potential problem of tax evasion. The Swiss officials have acknowledged that they have not been invited in a conference that deals mainly with reforming the international financial system. This is quite unfair, the officials should have invited to the conference in order to solve this problem. Avoiding these officials will not help in solving this colossal problem, the whole world is facing the same problem and this does not mean that the officials involved in solving this

Naipauls The Mimic Men: Mimicking Decultivation

Naipauls The Mimic Men: Mimicking Decultivation Naipauls The Mimic Men: Mimicking Decultivation The Mimic Men sets the tone of Naipaulian malaise of the New World conditions and their deep impact on ones psyche. For it is important to remember that Ralph Ranjit Kripal Sing, the exiled ex-politician hero of The Mimic Men is an insider, one who has practiced the most dubious forms of colonial mimicry as a politician and dandy, as husband and businessman and sees through the charade of politics, the deep humiliation and self contempt that results from defeat and failure. Naipauls The Mimic Men is divided into three parts and surprisingly the author has kept the name of the protagonist a secret until the beginning of the second part. The action of the first part takes place in London in the protagonist Ralph Sings youth. He has come there as a student on a scholarship. He lived in the boarding house owned by one Mr. Shylock. The house-keeper is a Maltese woman known as Lieni. The narrator counts plenty of experience to save himself from extinction and the resulting dust to dust; rags to rags; fear to fear ( Mimic Men 48). In fact, the word extinction has been used in a number of times in the novel. The situation where the narrator finds himself is an existential nothingness and he says, The tragedy of power like mine is that there is no way down. There can be only extinction (Mimic Men 48). By the time the narrator looks back and begins to write his past, he is forty. Later when the narrator took to writing like his creator Naipaul himself, he says, that he did so in order to give expression to the restlessness, the deep disorderwhich this great upheaval has brought about. ( Mimic Men 38) Part II of the novel talks about the protagonists unhappy childhood, unenterprising boyhood and the pressures that exerted him to leave his native island Isabella. He hailed from a poor family background in his words, On Isabella when I was a child it was a disgrace to be poor (Mimic Men 101). He descended from generation of idlers and failures. That caused him deep, silent shame (Mimic Men 101). Though his father was a schoolteacher and poor, his mother was from a rich family. Her brother Cecil was at school with the protagonist. He used to imagine that his father had landed on the island after his ship had been wrecked and he had lost all hopes of going back. Part II also talks about his Aryan background in India and how he added another name to his original name of Ranjit Kripal Sing. Ralph Sing is the example of thoroughly, psychologically colonized man, one who knows both the hurts and the excitements of the short-lived euphoria of inconsequential empires of our times. The burd en of guilt and betrayal, the consciousness of a collective shipwreck which all imitative and third-rate mimic societies suffer, makes Ralph Sing the voice of a quiet acceptance of colonial complicity. Ralph is the mimic man raised through a thorough-bred colonial education. The vision of disorder that haunts Sing is not only political, though. He can see no link between action and its result, man and landscape, the perennial reminders of slavery and brutalization. So, in the end a kind of neurosis sets in to carry Sing to the limits of self- derision. In part III the narrator Ralph Sing shares the ups and downs of his eventful life in Isabella soon after his coming over to that island nation with Sandra his wife from London. His marriage and his entry into politics were aberrations, whimsical, arbitrary acts(Mimic Men 219). Sandra quietly left him on a shopping trip to Miami. She never returned. And he never heard about her after that. It was with the instigation of one of his friends Browne that he became a politician. Browne was a man of the people. He was editing a newspaper called Socialist and was regularly contributing articles in it. Like Browne, Ralph Sing was not a thorough politician. He did not want to make a quick buck. The prospect of power in Isabella fatigued him. He felt he had no hold with the earth. He had no positive vision and hope. He had only a vision of a disorder which it was beyond any one man to put it right (Mimic Men 248). After 4 long years Ralph Sing was in a dilemma whether to return to Isabella as a failed politician or to stay back in London. In order to get some respite from his terrible loneliness and to boost up his self-image, he went to a brothel. With her also he failed as a sexual partner. His partner, to quote his words, was in despair. The smile of hysteria was replaced by tears; she reproached her self for my failure (Mimic Men 283). Quite secretly he went back to Isabella. He had thrown away his power. Such a state psychologically decolonized him. The mimic mans emancipation is impossibility, knowing the degree to which he has betrayed and violated himself, killing all truth and native purities. The precariousness of colonial or post-colonial leader, highlighted in The Mimic Men, is his slavery to the West on the one hand and his unease with his portion of the world. The imported culture, economy, industry, institutions and education are the mark of societies that Sing or Browne hoped to retrieve from disorder. Sings escape, his stay-back in London after the delegation has gone back to Isabella follows a penultimate, short visit to Isabella. But his ultimate exile in England is the most fruitful for him, for he is once again, as he says, in well-organised country and he has no wish to go back to the cycle of events he has freed himself from. Ralph Sing, the mover between cultures and geographies, politics and exile, finally turns a complete colonial, waiting perhaps to work on a history of the British Empire. Sings trying to find a settled role in a society defined by the extremes of Negro proletariat on the one hand and the ex-colonial Creole aristocracy on the other, presents the difficulty to place himself and the world he has come to. The attitude of the reader to Sings renouncing of public life, rejecting its emotions as fraudulent and settling down to write a memoir, will naturally be confused. Naipauls tendency for engraving and supplanting one narrative over the other reaches a limit in The Mimic Men. V.S. Naipauls postcolonial citizen helplessly reveals doubleness of identity in his existence whether in his island Isabella or in his city of choice and dream, London. Along with doubleness, irony and black humour also go with it. In fact such are the popular devices of Naipaul in all his fictional works. Ralph Sings increasing tension and alienation wherever he is, is a result of this awareness. He is also not able to identify with the colonizer though he find himself in his own colonizers state and gets the colonizers education and speaks the colonizers own language. The case of Ralph Sing it is simply not possible for him to shake off disposition and disunity. He chose London because he thought that a glamorous city like London could help him beat his sense of alienation. But London fails because Ralph Sing does not have a distinctive cultural identity with one particular culture. What Shashi Kamra points out as the general characteristics of a Naipaulian protagonist quite aptly fits in Ralph Sing ofThe Mimic Men: Naipauls narrator, subverting the chronological and objective order he has created through subjective ordering of his protagonists life and by questioning that order in his tone of irony and satire, creates the terror of placelessness and timelessness as a void- a pit without bottom. (79) Works Cited Kamra, Shashi. The Novels of V.S. Naipaul: A Study in Theme and Form. New Delhi: Prestige Books, 1990. Naipaul, V.S. The Mimic Men. Harmondasworth: Penguin, 1969. Should Guns be Permitted in Colleges? Should Guns be Permitted in Colleges? There are many debates over the question Should guns be permitted on college campuses. They should not be permitted because there are people with anger issues, violence , kills caused by alcohol, and committing suicide from depression/stress. Anger issues is one of many examples of why guns should not be permitted on college campuses. Having such an issue is already dangerous because people tend to take that anger out with yelling or fighting. People with that problem tend to snap quickly with just the wrong use of words. So theres no way of telling what might go through a persons mind having a gun on him. Would they take it out with shooting someone for a miss understanding? For example theres a class going on and everyone except one of the students is working, and the teacher tells one of the students to turn his phone in to her because he was on it instead of working. The teacher ask several times but the students decide to keep refusing to hand it to her. When the teacher decides to walk over and ask one last time he can easily take that as a threat because the teacher is in his personal space. When that goes on he decides to pull out his gun and shoots the teacher because of a problem so small. Not only is the teache r dead but the other people in the class are in danger as well. To prevent this from happening the option of weapons allowed shouldnt be allowed to the students. Another reason guns shouldnt be permitted is because of the use of alcohol. When being consumed with too much alcohol you dont think straight, which may cause you to make a bad decision, at the wrong time. There are many parties in colleges where students are introduced to huge amounts   of alcohol.   For example one of the most popular students on campus throws a huge party in one of the dorms where there is a lot of acholic beverages. After a couple of hours when everyone is drunk a guy gets a drink spilt on him. His reaction to the situation is going to be a lot different because of the fact that he is under the use of a high amount of alcohol. So when the drink is spilt on him he gets extremely mad so without thinking twice he pulls out a gun and shoots the person that spilt the drink on him. After this happens he starts freaking out because he realizes what he did so he gets scared and starts shooting all the witnesses there. From him carrying that gun caused him to put ever yones life at risk and because of him being highly influenced by the alcohol at the party. Theres already enough dangerous situations because of drunk driving at the campuses no need to put more dangerous situations. Another dangerous situation that can be caused is if there are people with violent behavior. Violent behavior can be defined as the use of physical force with the intent of physical force. An example would be if there was a class going on and one of the students in there is one of the violent students that dont like being told what to do. The teacher is giving the class because he was being loud and all the students were paying attention to him instead of the teacher. When the teacher decides to get on to him he tells him that no one tells him what to do that he doesnt care who it is and who ever disrespects him like that will pay the price. The teacher replys by saying that is his class and he talks to anyone however he wants. The arguing continues until the student finally gets tired of him he decides to reach in his bag and shoot the teacher. He just killed someone in front of a whole bunch of witnesses. So now he could either put his gun down and surrender or turn even more viole nt because there are witnesses around. Another option he could do is keep them hostages and keep them there until the authorities meet his commands. Everyones lives are at risk now because the opportunity was given to him to bring a lethal weapon. One of the biggest and most dangerous situations come from   depression and   stress. Most of the schools shootings that happened the year of 2015 were because of depression. There are plenty amount of shooting cases happen because of the amount of bulling going on in the schools from elementary schools to colleges. A great example is if theres a student being bullied throughout the whole school year just because he has no friends and always tries to fit in with the rest of the kids. He gets bullied because the way he dresses and because his parents arent financially   stable. Hes been holding all that anger of getting bullied ever since he was little because he knows in a fist fight he wont win against the other guys. In college he gets messed with too but even though it isnt as bad as it was in high school the other students still play pranks on him. Ever since the bullying started he would write down the names of the kids bulling just so he could remember who they were and the pain and embarrassment the would make him go through. One day in the middle of the year of his sophomore year of college he just had enough he was going through depression beca use he had no friends and he was going through a lot of stress because he was trying to keep his grades up but the other students would throw paper balls at him or just   laugh at his clothes theyd do anything to keep him from learning. The day he had enough though he started planning on what he was going to do to stop the problem. He would go to pawn shops and buy guns to help him go forward with his plan and since the college had permitted the students to carry concealed weapons,   he would have no problem getting in the college with the gun. After he buys his ammunition and guns now he just waits for the day of the plan to come and to finally get his revenge on all the students that made him go through depression and that would bully him into lots of stress. Next thing you know the day of the plan comes and he prepares everything he puts the small guns in his pockets and the bigger ones in his back pack. He pulls up to the college and goes to class like if it was any other regular day of school and as the class starts the students that always mess with him start throwing paper balls and spit balls at him. He gets up and turns to look at the group of guys. He reaches in his pocket and pulls the first weapon out and starts shooting one by one the students go down dead. Then he starts walking around the campus looking for the rest of the students on the list. After hes finished killing as many of the students as he can, he may commit suicide because he doesnt want to accept the consequences and hes juts tired of being bulli ed and stressed and just believes that its the only way out. The option of weapons allowed in   colleges shouldnt even be in mind. There are a lot of cases where there are people killed because of fire arm accidents and why put peoples lives even more at risk when theres no need to. Work Cited A Bullet for Teacher: Violence in Schools. Economist 24 July 1993: A26. General OneFile. Web. 8 Feb. 2017. Fear Factors The Three F Words. Officer.com Feb. 2017: n. pag. General OneFile. Web. 10 Feb. 2017. OMeara, Kelly Patricia. Antidepressants May Trigger School Shootings. School Shootings. Ed. Susan Hunnicutt. Detroit: Greenhaven, 2006. N. pag. At Issue. Opposing Viewpoints In Context. Web. 10 Feb. 2017. OMeara, Kelly Patricia. Antidepressants May Trigger School Shootings. School Shootings. Ed. Susan Hunnicutt. Detroit: Greenhaven, 2006. N. pag. At Issue. Opposing Viewpoints In Context. Web. 10 Feb. 2017. Students, Administrators Share Thoughts, Questions on Proposed Conceal Carry. Janesville Gazette [Janesville, WI] 15 Oct. 2015: n. pag. General OneFile. Web. 6 Feb. 2017. Three Wounded in Shooting at Texas College; Not Designed to Bring Us Together; GOP: Obama Wants Era of Liberalism; Reports: Two. Situation Room [CNN] 22 Jan. 2013: n. pag. General OneFile. Web. 6 Feb. 2017

Importance of Family Essay

THE FAMILY AS THE BASIC UNIT OF SOCIETY The family unit – principally a man and a woman living together in harmony and peace – is and always will be the basic social organization or unit of any society. This relationship alone provides stability in a sexual, emotional, intellectual and social way as no other can. This statement may seem prejudiced or biased against other forms of social organization, but it has proven true over hundreds and even thousands of years. Other forms of societal organization include most people remaining single or unattached, homosexuality, or various forms of collective living arrangements that are called free love societies, communes, kibbutz living in some cases, and others. To the best of my knowledge, none of these have worked out on a large scale nearly as well as what is called a monogamous man-woman relationship in terms of stability and happiness for the couple, and for the society as a whole. When the families are strong, society is strong, as a rule. When families are weak, societies begin to break down. This is the important concept of this article. EXACTLY WHAT IS MEANT BY A FAMILY? A family is a unit of two dedicated to healing, even if they do not enunciate it or even understand it fully. It means two who are happy to be together, who want to be together, and who deeply love one another, even though it can just be friends, for example, or a parent and a child. This is what is meant by a family in this article. Stated differently, the definition of family is two living in a close personal relationship. Close relationships most often exist between family members, but not always by any means. Couples may live together for years and not be that close, for example. In fact, close relationships often develop among friends of either sex, work colleagues, and perhaps in other situations such as members of a sports team who work and play together constantly, for example. This is important to understand. They don’t even need to live in the same town or know each other personally, as long as they love each other enough. Also, those living under the same roof must be in a close relationship. Just because two are roommates, for example, or even sexual partners living together, married, church-going, or just â€Å"shacking up†, as they call it, does not mean they are a family because they must be in a close, loving relationship with each other. One in relationship with the other, if it is not returned, is not good enough. They both must feel the same way about each other, and this is the key. The rest of this article deals with various topics related to those living in families, or in close relationships, as explained in the preceding paragraphs. HEALING WITHIN FAMILIES – EMPATHIC BLENDING IN FAMILIES An interesting phenomenon that can be used for healing, but which can also have negative effects, is called empathic blending. It occurs in all close relationships, including, of course, within many families. It is a slight blending of the aura or energy fields of individuals who live together or even those who just work together or recreate together. However, it is much stronger in those who are in intimate relationships and having sex together. This interesting phenomenon has been known for thousands of years, but is rarely discussed. It can help bind a family or relationship together and help heal all members of a family. Unfortunately, it sometimes also causes problems in families if the man and woman are not that compatible. What  this means is that at times, two in a relationship have issues that do not blend well. Each can bring out the worst aspects of another, for example, instead of the best. For more on this topic, read Empathic Blending on this website. MALE-FEMALE BLENDING IN FAMILIES This is a subset or type of empathic blending that occurs only between members of the opposite sex. It does not occur in homosexual relationships, and it is one reason these relationships are always inferior to a good man-woman relationship. Two of the same sex may blend empathically, and often do. But only a man and a woman can blend in a very special way. For the same reason, it will not occur in members of an all-male or all-female sports team, work team, etc. This type of blending is similar to other empathic blending, but much stronger and much more able to cause healing in both parties. It is a powerful advantage to having friends of the opposite sex, a wife or husband, and even having children, at times. Children and parents. Interestingly, this type of blending can be done between a male parent and a female child, and conversely, between a female parent and a male child. It can even occur between siblings of the opposite sex, too, although this is not nearly as common. To read more about this very exciting method of healing, read Male-Female Blending on this website. OTHER TYPES OF UNUSUAL HEALING IN FAMILIES AND IN OTHER CLOSE RELATIONSHIPS A phenomenon we observe within families, and within all close relationships, is that when one person begins to heal, particularly a parent, often the partner and the children also experience a degree of healing. This occurs even when the others are not following a nutritional balancing program at all. I call it healing by osmosis, because I don’t know what else to name it. This phenomenon may be due to empathic blending, described in a paragraph above. However, it may be also be due to other factors, such as less stress in the home, better food in the home, more of a healing atmosphere in the home, or something else. In addition to these reasons, other reasons help explain unusual healing in those who in close relationships such as in families. For example, as one heals, he or she serves as an example to the other and perhaps as an inspiration to the other. As one heals, the body becomes more capable of love, and this felt by the other As one heals, some nutrients are actually transferred to the other in sexual fluids, for example, or in saliva in kissing. This may sound odd, but these are factors in healing within families or close relationships only. THE TRADITIONAL FAMILY UNDER ATTACK EVERYWHERE For the past 100 years of so, the family unit in America and Europe, in particular, has been under constant attack. The attack has been coming from work outside of the home, two parents having to work, the school system that takes away authority of parents, and a much more intrusive government that also takes away the rights and powers of parents to control their children and even their homes. Unemployment is very hard on families, and there is plenty of that in Europe, particularly. Pressure from Anti-Christian groups such as gay rights advocates and even some women’s advocate groups has also forced the passage of laws that discourage marriage. The growth of the welfare system is another anti-family factor. These systems often contain incentives to have children out of wedlock, for example, in order to collect more money from the government. Asia has much less of these pressures, but they are growing on a daily basis. Communism, for example, practiced still today in Russia, China, and other large nations, has a devastating effect on the family. Also, Asia has other problems, such as a traditional hierarchical male-dominated culture that may  seem to support the family, but really is very hard on women, and impedes the development of deep love between men and women among the population. Other nations, such as those in the Middle East, insist on rules and regulations that are so rigid and strict that they may hold society together, but they stop love from developing because the roles of man and wife are too rigidly defined. The Muslim world has some serious family problems. Here the family unit is strong, but in some homes the male dominates and the women are treated so badly that they cannot love their husbands and children correctly. I hope someday soon this will stop. Some of the best family units are found among the Jewish families and some of the Asian cultures, such as the Chinese and Koreans. Even here, however, divorce rates are rising and the traditional family is under attack. THE NEED TO RESTORE THE INTEGRITY OF THE FAMILY The above leads us to the need to clarify, correct and realize the importance of the traditional family unit and restore it legally, culturally, socially, and in every other way as well. This is also a goal of nutritional balancing science. It must begin with each person understanding the need for very high-quality relationships, and then acting at all levels of society to push for a more family-friendly society. The kind of reforms needed in society include: 1. Legislative action and tax reform to encourage marriage. This means that married couples should have tax advantages, which is not true today. Often it is the opposite. Also laws must clearly define marriage as the relationship between one many and one woman. All other arrangements of living and sexuality must not be given equal recognition or equal treatment under the law. This means no gay marriage, no homosexual or gay rights laws, and no gay-friendly legislation at all. This sounds harsh, but gay rights laws are the worst thing for the traditional family today. It also means that polygamy must be banned altogether. It does not matter if all members of a polygamous community like the arrangement. It does not work well and it is usually a cult. For more on this topic, read Cults and Terror Societies on this site. Tax credits should be given for having children, but only if a couple is married and filing jointly. Society should not be giving tax credits to single parent households of the same magnitude, as it encourages promiscuity and single-parent households. I know this is a difficult area, but it is important to strengthen and protect traditional marriage. 2. Legislative action and tax reform to strengthen families. Here are examples of laws and tax arrangements that favor the family unit in society: Smaller government favors families. This is because power in society is always shared between individuals and their families, and the government. The more power and scope of the government, the less power and scope the family will have. Laws that should be abolished to assist the family are all laws that allow schools to give out condoms and birth control pills without parental consent, and all laws that allow minor children to obtain abortions and even driver’s licenses without parental consent. Some states claim they can vaccinate children without parental consent, and some allow medical treatment without parental consent. All these laws destroy the integrity and strength of the family unit and ought to be repealed. I realize that repealing these laws will permit some abuse by uncaring or unthinking parents. However, this is better than an across-the-board rule that damages the family, which is still the best hope for children in the entire world. Government welfare agencies do not do a good job, overall, and I would not expect them to do so. They are too distant and too â€Å"professional† to care deeply enough about the children. Similarly, judges and juries should not have the right to remove minor children from the home unless the abuse is obvious and severe. Low taxes strongly favor the family unit and family integrity. Much higher taxes for everyone today is forcing two parents to work outside of the home and to send children to government or private daycare centers and pre-schools. This is horrendous for families. While in some nations, the poor and even middle classes do not pay income taxes, they pay for taxes that are hidden in every product and service that they buy. This is the case especially in America and Europe where corporate taxes are high. These are hidden taxes on all products that can account for up to half the cost of the product such as a car, food, clothing, building materials and other necessities. This is why corporate tax rates should be zero. Tax income, tax consumption, or tax imports and exports, but do not tax in hidden ways such as corporate taxes that no one can see and that are regressive, meaning they harm the poor much more than they harm the wealthy because the poor must spend a lot more of their income on necessities, while the rich can easily afford the taxes on goods and services such as electricity, etc. Laws that permit, encourage and even pay one parent to stay at home with children and teach them favor the family strongly. Parents should be discouraged from both working outside the home, and young children should be at home. If a parent does not want to raise a child at home, he or she should not become a parent. It is that simple. Home schooling favors the family unit. In the same vein, home schooling must be encouraged, not attacked, as it is in many nations, including the United States of America. Home schooling is the ideal, and should not be considered a deviant or religious or unusual concept. It is far better, according to statistics, than any school situation. Home schooling parents should not have to pay school taxes, for example, and perhaps should be compensated so that a parent can stay home and teach rather than have to take a job outside the home and send the child to public or private schools. No death taxes favor the family. Death taxes are also called estate taxes. They do not allow some families to pass on their wealth to their children,  or anyone else. Instead, the government takes a large portion of their money, even though they have already paid taxes on that income. Families should be permitted to pass on their wealth, as it is theirs and they often worked hard for it. The government has no right to it, having already taxed it once or perhaps twice. Tort reform strongly favors families and employment. It is important that if one is truly injured, that one can sue for damages. However, the situation in America, in particular, but also in Europe in which attorneys are able to sue basically innocent people for all sorts of frivolous reasons places great strain and a huge financial burden on everyone. It raises the price of all goods and services, frightens away many businesses and keeps good products off the market. It also supports a class of parasitic attorneys who make good money often by ruining other people’s lives. There are simple answers for this problem, but the trial lawyers lobby, and their political allies – the Democratic party – has so far prevented them from being implemented, especially in the United States. The solutions include: 1. Simplify legal proceedings so that people do not need attorneys to represent them and can handle simple cases themselves. This is certainly possible, but judges and attorneys don’t like the idea. It is similar to learning how to take care of your health, which the doctor’s don’t like. Court proceedings, rules of evidence, rules of discovery, motions, and so on can be made simpler. 2. The loser in a suit should pay all court and attorney fees. This is the system in Great Britain and some other nations. It can stop some frivolous lawsuits, especially in the health care area, but also in product safety. 3. Attorneys must not be allowed to disqualify jurors at their whim. The only reason to disqualify a juror should be a direct conflict of interest, perhaps. The current system today allows sharp attorneys to get rid of potential jurors whom they sense they cannot manipulate or influence. This  should not be the way the jury system works and it makes a mockery of the jury system. 4. It may be necessary to place a cap on damages. This is more complex, especially in a class action lawsuit but sometimes juries are talked into awarding far too much money for damages because attorneys take a percentage for themselves. A capitalist economic system, with controls to prevent corporate raiding and cheating, tends to favor families, while socialism is usually even more corrupt and it destroys families. It does this because the government gains so much power that the family becomes secondary to government, which becomes the nanny, the provider, the police force and everything else. This must be taught and the reasons for it thoroughly understood in society. The basic reason is that a large, powerful government always competes for power with the family, so it is inherently inimical to the family. In contrast, a weak government allows the family unit to have more power over itself and over society. It is not an accident that the weakest families occur in communist and socialist nations, while the strongest are found in the capitalist nations. Private and not socialized, nationalized or â€Å"universal† health care helps the family unit. Caring for one’s health and that of the children are extremely important issues that are best handled within families. This is because they have to do with diet, lifestyle, thinking patterns and other personal habits that are learned and practiced in families. In general, when people are forced into a governmental system, the family loses a lot of power and control over this important area of life. If the government system were perfect, it would not be so bad. However, all governmental systems are more costly, the dietary recommendations are often poor, bureaucrats are distant and don’t care as much for people as private doctoring arrangements, and waste and corruption are worse. Also, just turning over control of this vital area of life is a bad idea. Even the HMO or PPO system in the USA, which is based on private insurance but herds people into groups with little choice in health care, is not good for family integrity and strength. This is just one reason why Obamacare, for example, in the USA, will not work and must be repealed at once before it further bankrupts the USA, which it is doing and with no good results. It is just socialism, and that is harmful for families, as explained above. Freedom, in general, is wonderful for the family. Repression in society works against families. Freedoms of religion, of speech, of assembly, the right to bear arms and all the freedoms that some nations permit are helpful for the family as they weaken governmental power and encourage responsibility and power to be centered in the family. Denying the people freedom weakens the family in all cases. Traditional religions and, in general, religious freedom tend to favor the family unit. However, too much repression in the religion harms families by several means. Repressing women, for example, leads to anger and hatred of women for men and for the religious leaders. Also, if the family roles are so rigidly defined, some will rebel and avoid families altogether. They also, of course, may just leave the religion, but this is not always possible, as with Islam. As these legal and other changes occur, and only when they occur, we can expect to see great improvements and restoration of our societies. They will be safer, more sane, healthier, with far more emphasis on spiritual values and the dignity of each individual soul. All will be happier and life will be far more worthwhile and enjoyable for women, in particular, for our children, and for everyone. Easy divorce laws have mixed effects upon families. On one hand, they make it easy for a selfish parent to basically abandon their children or â€Å"steal† them from a partner. They may also leave a former partner stranded without financial support at all, or very little. On the other hand, very strict divorce laws that existed in the past kept families together where there was physical or emotional abuse, or just terrible unhappiness. This is not ideal for families, either. Many people say that the traditional family is dead, as evidenced by the high divorce rates in the Western world, in particular. However, they forget that although the divorce rate is high, the remarriage rate is also very high. In other words, many people do not want to be single. They just want to be with the right type of person. If they are not, then they are more likely today than in the past to split up and move on to what is often, though not always, a better marriage the second time around. When children are involved, the situation is more complex. Children need a stable home and they need love – plenty of it. So it is more complicated. Here one must use good judgment and try to avoid selfishness. Selfishness is often the problem and the reason that a couple does not blend and heal one another. Laws favoring easy abortions probably harm families. This is an ongoing debate in the USA, though not much in Europe. ALL abortions terminate a life, and some women suffer psychological damage from abortions, even if they are not fully aware of it. I particularly dislike the Planned Parenthood approach, often, in which young women are just told they can get their abortion right away, no one needs to know about it, and that is all there is to it. However, those who favor abortions rightly point out that women perhaps should have more control over their reproductive abilities, especially in case of rape, incest, and all conditions in which the health and well-being of the mother or even the father is at stake. So I suspect this issue will be debated for many years. I believe anti-abortion laws are there to protect women in many cases, and this is how they should be â€Å"sold† or promoted. They help women avoid psychological damage that comes with abortions, they help prevent infections and other problems of abortions, and they help the family in many cases, which helps women the most. If the family does not want another child, then put it up for adoption. Encouraging monogamous man-woman relationships is by far best for the family. Sadly, this is not what is taught in schools today. Politically correct teachers often stress that homosexuality, communal living, open marriage and other â€Å"alternatives† are just as good as the traditional one man-one woman relationship. I believe this is a lie in most cases, due to the nature and construction of human beings. I believe there exist certain differences between men and women that are often subtle, but very real. Living together, they tend to balance one another, help one another, heal one another, and love one another better than any other type of arrangement. This does not mean that in a few cases a different type of relationship is best, but I am speaking in general terms of what seems to work best for the great majority of people in our world. I strongly believe that if this were not so, we would see around the world plenty of societies in which marriage is not supported or practiced much, and instead we would see much more of other living arrangements such as homosexuality or just staying single and living alone or in one’s family of origin during one’s entire lifespan. But we do not see this very much among the thousands of human societies of every race and religion. This is not an indictment of other ways to live socially, just an observation. For this reason, I want to suggest that laws should protect, proclaim, educate and demand that the young are taught this truth, and nothing else.